Evidence shows that between childhood and adulthood, concomitant with cognitive maturation, there is progressively increased functional activation in task-relevant lateral and medial frontal, striatal and parieto-temporal brain regions that mediate these higher level control functions.

This paper reviews the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature on brain function development of typically late developing functions of cognitive and motivation control, timing and attention as well as of resting state neural networks.

The developmental cognitive neuroscience literature has grown exponentially over the last decade. All rights reserved.įunctional brain imaging across development. Furthermore, we discuss specific implications of vitamin D status on the neurotransmitter, dopamine. This review summarises the current state of research on the actions of vitamin D in the brain and the consequences of deficiencies in this vitamin. Early deficiencies have been linked with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, and adult deficiencies have been associated with a host of adverse brain outcomes, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression and cognitive decline. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that this vitamin is actually a neuroactive steroid that acts on brain development, leading to alterations in brain neurochemistry and adult brain function. Kesby, James P Eyles, Darryl W Burne, Thomas H J McGrath, John JĪ role for vitamin D in brain development and function has been gaining support over the last decade. The effects of vitamin D on brain development and adult brain function.

We note that, despite substantial reorganization of functional connectivity, several large-scale network properties appear to be preserved across development, suggesting that functional brain networks, even in children, are organized in manners similar to other complex systems. the default mode network) should be comprehensive, considering not only relationships within a given system, but also how these relationships are situated within wider network contexts. We argue that characterization of the development of brain systems (e.g. We note several limitations of traditional approaches to describing brain networks, and describe a powerful framework for analyzing networks, called graph theory. This article reviews the growing literature on the development of functional networks, from infancy through adolescence, as measured by resting state functional connectivity MRI. Recent advances in MRI technology have enabled precise measurements of correlated activity throughout the brain, leading to the first comprehensive descriptions of functional brain networks in humans. Power, Jonathan D Fair, Damien A Schlaggar, Bradley L The development of Human Functional Brain Networks

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